Inhibins are heterodimeric protein hormones secreted by granulosa cells of the ovary in the female and Sertoli cells of the testis in the male. They selectively suppress the secretion of pituitary follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and also have local paracrine actions in the gonads. The fully processed form of the inhibin molecule has a molecular weight of approximately 32 kD and consists of the two distinct chains (α and β), linked by disulfide bridges. Higher molecular weight forms, with precursor forms of the α-subunit, also occur in follicular fluid and serum. In addition, free α-subunit forms, unassociated with a β-subunit, and lacking inhibin bioactivity, are also present. Inhibin A consists of an α-subunit and βA-subunit. Measurements of Inhibin A are shown to be useful in studying its role in human reproductive physiology.

References:
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Inhibin A ELISA AL-123
Anastasilakis AD, Polyzos SA, Rodopaios NE, Makras P, Kumar A, Kalra B, Mantzoros CS. Activins, follistatins and inhibins in postmenopausal osteoporosis: A proof of concept, case-control study. Metabolism. 2022 Dec 29:155397. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155397. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36587801.

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Andersen CY. Inhibin-B secretion and FSH isoform distribution may play an integral part of follicular selection in the natural menstrual cycle. Mol Hum Reprod (2017) 23 (1): 16-24.

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Fought AJ, Kuhn K, Schauer IE, Zhang H, D’Alessandro A. Maternal obesity in early pregnancy is associated with decreased active IGF-I availability and increased leptin concentrations. J Endocr Soc. 2019;3(Supplement_1). doi:10.1210/js.2019-SAT-LB045.

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García-Guerra A, Canavessi AMO, Monteiro PLJ Jr, Mezera MA, Sartori R, Kirkpatrick BW, Wiltbank MC. Trio, a novel bovine high fecundity allele: III. Acquisition of dominance and ovulatory capacity at a smaller follicle size. Biol Reprod. 2018 Mar 1;98(3):350-365. doi: 10.1093/biolre/iox157. PMID: 29425314.

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J Cadenas, L C Poulsen, D Nikiforov, M L Grøndahl, A Kumar, K Bahnu, A L M Englund, J Malm, G Marko-Varga, I Pla, A Sanchez, S E Pors, C Yding Andersen, Regulation of human oocyte maturation in vivo during the final maturation of follicles, Human Reproduction, Volume 38, Issue 4, April 2023, Pages 686–700, https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dead024

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Kalra B, Patel A, Kommareddy V, Ganapathy K, Mistry S, Budhavarapu V, Savjani G, Pasternack A, Ritvos O, Hyvonen M, Kumar A. Development of Novel Specific ELISAs for all Inhibins, Activins and their Binding Proteins FST and FSTL3. Poster presented at 98th Annual Endocrine Society Meeting; 2016 Apr 1-3; Boston, MA.

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Keikkala E, Forstén J, Ritvos O, Stenman UH, Kajantie E, Hämäläinen E, Räikkönen K, Villa PM, Laivuori H. Serum Inhibin-A and PAPP-A2 in the prediction of re-eclampsia during the first and second trimesters in high-risk women. Pregnancy Hypertens: . 2021 Aug;25:116-122.doi: 10.1016/j.preghy.2021.05.024. Epub 2021 Jun 2.

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Kim A, Ebbert K, Cordeiro MH, Romero M, Zhu J, Serna VA, Whelan KA, Woodruff TK, Kurita T. Cell Autonomous Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Activation in Oocytes Disrupts Normal Ovarian Function Through Promoting Survival and Overgrowth of Ovarian Follicles. Endocrinology. 2015 Apr; 156(4): 1464–1476.

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Kim SY, Ebbert K, Cordeiro MH, Romero MM, Whelan KA, Suarez AA, Woodruff TK, Kurita T. Constitutive Activation of PI3K in Oocyte Induces Ovarian Granulosa Cell Tumors. Cancer Res. 2016 Jul 1;76(13):3851-61

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Kristensen SG, Kumar A, Kalra B, Pors SE, Bøtkjær JA, Mamsen LS, Colmorn LB, Fedder J, Ernst E, Owens LA, Hardy K, Franks S, Andersen CY. Quantitative Differences in TGF-β Family Members Measured in Small Antral Follicle Fluids From Women With or Without PCO. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Dec 1;104(12):6371-6384. doi: 10.1210/jc.2019-01094. PMID: 31287539.

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Kristensen SG, Kumar A, Mamsen LS, Kalra B, Pors SE, Bøtkjær JA, Macklon KT, Fedder J, Ernst E, Hardy K, Franks S, Andersen CY. Intrafollicular concentrations of the oocyte-secreted factors GDF9 and BMP15 vary inversely in polycystic ovaries. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022 May 2:dgac272. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgac272. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35511085.

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Lahlou N, Santullli P, Guibourdenche J, Beldjord C, Kottler, M, Chapron C, Gompel A. Unexpected Inhibin B, Insulin-like Peptide 3, and Testosterone Production By Mother Ovaries in a Pregnancy with Sustained High Hcg Levels. a Clue to Hyperreactio Luteinalis?. Poster session presented at: Endocrine Society’s 96th Annual Meeting; 2014; June 21-24; Chicago, IL.

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Lambert-Messerlian GM, Eklund EE, Neveux LM, Palomaki GE. Measuring maternal serum screening markers for Down’s syndrome in plasma collected for cell-free DNA testing. J Med Screen. 2017 Sep;24(3):113-119.

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Lawrenz B, Depret Bixio L, Coughlan C, Andersen CY, Melado L, Kalra B, Savjani G, Fatemi HM, Kumar A. Inhibin A—A Promising Predictive Parameter for Determination of Final Oocyte Maturation in Ovarian Stimulation for IVF/ICSI. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020 May 15;11:307. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00307. PMID: 32499758; PMCID: PMC7243678.

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Legro R, Dodson W, Estes S, Kunselman A, Coutifaris C, Dokras A. Effect of Weight Loss and Hormonal Suppression Alone and in Combination on Bioactive Gut and Ovarian Peptide Hormones in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Journal of the Endocrine Society, Volume 3, Issue Supplement_1, April-May 2019, MON-233, https://doi.org/10.1210/js.2019-MON-233

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Liv C Poulsen, Agnieszka K Warzecha, Nathalie S Bülow, Leif Bungum, Nicholas S Macklon, Claus Yding Andersen, Sven O Skouby, Effects of letrozole cotreatment on endocrinology and follicle development in women undergoing ovarian stimulation in an antagonist protocol, Human Reproduction, Volume 37, Issue 7, July 2022, Pages 1557–1571, https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deac119

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Neuman RI, Alblas van der Meer MM, Nieboer D, Saleh L, Verdonk K, Kalra B, Kumar A, Alpadi K, van den Meiracker AH, Visser W, Danser AHJ. PAPP-A2 and Inhibin A as Novel Predictors for Pregnancy Complications in Women With Suspected or Confirmed Preeclampsia. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020 Oct 20;9(19):e018219. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.120.018219. Epub 2020 Sep 29. PMID: 32990126; PMCID: PMC7792419

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Neuman RI, Alblas van der Meer MM, Nieboer D, Saleh L, Verdonk K, Kalra B, Kumar A, Alpadi K, van den Meiracker AH, Visser W, Danser AHJ. PAPP-A2 and Inhibin A as Novel Predictors for Pregnancy Complications in Women With Suspected or Confirmed Preeclampsia. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020 Oct 20;9(19):e018219. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.120.018219. Epub 2020 Sep 29. PMID: 32990126.

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Pranpanus S, Kor-Anantakul O, Suntharasaj T, Suwanrath C, Hanprasertpong T, Pruksanusak N, Petpichetchian C, Suksai M, Chainarong N, Sawaddisan R. . Ethnic-specific reference range affects the efficacy of quadruple test as a universal screening for Down syndrome in a developing country. PLoS One. 2021 May 13;16(5):e0251381. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251381

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Richard Legro, William Dodson, Stephanie Estes, Allen Kunselman, Christos Coutifaris, Anuja Dokras, MON-233 Effect of Weight Loss and Hormonal Suppression Alone and in Combination on Bioactive Gut and Ovarian Peptide Hormones in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Journal of the Endocrine Society, Volume 3, Issue Supplement_1, April-May 2019, MON–233, https://doi.org/10.1210/js.2019-

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Shah A, Dodson WC, Kris-Etherton PM, Kunselman AR, Stetter CM, Gnatuk CL, Estes SJ, Allison KC, Sarwer DB, Sluss PM, Coutifaris C, Dokras A, Legro RS. Effects of Oral Contraception and Lifestyle Modification on Incretins and TGF-ß Superfamily Hormones in PCOS. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Jan 1;106(1):108-119. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa682. PMID: 32968804; PMCID: PMC7765645

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Wongkrajang P, Jittikoon J, Sangroongruangsri S, Talungchit P, Ruangvutilert P, Panchalee T, et al. Prenatal screening tests and prevalence of fetal aneuploidies in a tertiary hospital in Thailand. PLoS ONE. 2023;18(4). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0284829.

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Xiao S, Coppeta JR, Rogers HB, Isenberg BC, Zhu J, Olalekan SA, McKinnon KE, Dokic D, Rashedi AS, Haisenleder DJ, Malpani SS, Arnold-Murray CA, Chen K, Jiang M, Bai L, Nguyen CT, Zhang J, Laronda MM, Hope TJ, Maniar KP, Pavone ME, Avram MJ, Sefton EC, Getsios S, Burdette JE, Kim JJ, Borenstein JT, Woodruff TK. A microfluidic culture model of the human reproductive tract and 28-day menstrual cycle. Nat Commun. 2017 Mar 28;8:14584.

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Ye J, Chen QJ, He W, Zhang J, Ye HJ, Fu YL, Lyu QF, Kuang YP. Impact of progesterone on inhibins during controlled ovarian stimulation. Reprod Dev Med 2017;1:69-76.

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Yu SY, Luan Y, Tang S, Abazarikia A, Dong R, Caffrey TC, Hollingsworth MA, Oupicky D, Kim SY. Uncovering tumor-promoting roles of Activin A in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2023;10(2207010):1-13. doi:10.1002/advs.202207010.

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