Activin-A is a TGF-beta family member that exhibits a wide range of biological activities including regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation, and promotion of neuronal survival. The biological activities of Activin-A can be neutralized by inhibins and by the diffusible TGF-beta antagonist, Follistatin. Human Activin-A is a 26 kDa disulfide-linked homodimer of two beta A chains, each containing 116 amino acid residues. Elevated levels of Activin-A in human colorectal tumors and in post-menopausal woman have been implicated in colorectal and breast cancers, respectively.

References:
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Activin A ELISA AL-110
Anastasilakis AD, Polyzos SA, Rodopaios NE, Makras P, Kumar A, Kalra B, Mantzoros CS. Activins, follistatins and inhibins in postmenopausal osteoporosis: A proof of concept, case-control study. Metabolism. 2022 Dec 29:155397. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155397. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36587801.

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Bakrania BA, Palei AC, Bhattarai U, Chen Y, Granger JP, Shahul S. Sustained Elevated Circulating Activin A Impairs Global Longitudinal Strain in Pregnant Rats: A Potential Mechanism for Preeclampsia-Related Cardiac Dysfunction. Cells. 2022 Feb 21;11(4):742. doi: 10.3390/cells11040742. PMID: 35203391; PMCID: PMC8870359.

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Calvert ME, Kalra B, Patel A, Kumar A, Shaw ND. Serum and urine profiles of TGF-β superfamily members in reproductive aged women. Clin Chim Acta. 2022 Jan 1;524:96-100. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.12.002. Epub 2021 Dec 5. PMID: 34875272; PMCID: PMC8740174.

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Ciampa E, Li Y, Dillon S, Lecarpentier E, Sorabella L, Libermann TA, Karumanchi SA, Hess PE. Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein Changes in Preeclampsia. Hypertension. 2018 Jul;72(1):219-226. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11153. Epub 2018 May 29. PMID: 29844151.

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deMartelly VA, Dreixler J, Tung A, Mueller A, Heimberger S, Fazal AA, Naseem H, Lang R, Kruse E, Yamat M, Granger JP, Bakrania BA, Rodriguez-Kovacs J, Rana S, Shahul S. Long-Term Postpartum Cardiac Function and Its Association With Preeclampsia. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021 Feb;10(5):e018526. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.120.018526

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J Cadenas, L C Poulsen, D Nikiforov, M L Grøndahl, A Kumar, K Bahnu, A L M Englund, J Malm, G Marko-Varga, I Pla, A Sanchez, S E Pors, C Yding Andersen, Regulation of human oocyte maturation in vivo during the final maturation of follicles, Human Reproduction, Volume 38, Issue 4, April 2023, Pages 686–700, https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dead024

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Kalra B, Patel A, Kommareddy V, Ganapathy K, Mistry S, Budhavarapu V, Savjani G, Pasternack A, Ritvos O, Hyvonen M, Kumar A. Development of Novel Specific ELISAs for all Inhibins, Activins and their Binding Proteins FST and FSTL3. Poster presented at 98th Annual Endocrine Society Meeting; 2016 Apr 1-3; Boston, MA.

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Kim SY, Ebbert K, Cordeiro MH, Romero MM, Whelan KA, Suarez AA, Woodruff TK, Kurita T. Constitutive Activation of PI3K in Oocyte Induces Ovarian Granulosa Cell Tumors. Cancer Res. 2016 Jul 1;76(13):3851-61

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Kristensen SG, Kumar A, Kalra B, Pors SE, Bøtkjær JA, Mamsen LS, Colmorn LB, Fedder J, Ernst E, Owens LA, Hardy K, Franks S, Andersen CY. Quantitative Differences in TGF-β Family Members Measured in Small Antral Follicle Fluids From Women With or Without PCO. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Dec 1;104(12):6371-6384. doi: 10.1210/jc.2019-01094. PMID: 31287539.

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Kristensen SG. Altered Levels of TGF-Beta Superfamily Growth Factors in Small Antral Follicle Fluids from Polycystic Ovaries. Poster session presented at the International Congress of Endocrinology, 2018 Dec 1-4, Cape Town South Africa.

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Legro R, Dodson W, Estes S, Kunselman A, Coutifaris C, Dokras A. Effect of Weight Loss and Hormonal Suppression Alone and in Combination on Bioactive Gut and Ovarian Peptide Hormones in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Journal of the Endocrine Society, Volume 3, Issue Supplement_1, April-May 2019, MON-233, https://doi.org/10.1210/js.2019-MON-233

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Luan Y, Zhang Y, Yu SY, You M, Xu PC, Chung S, Kurita T, Zhu J, Kim SY. Development of ovarian tumour causes significant loss of muscle and adipose tissue: a novel mouse model for cancer cachexia study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2022;13(1289–1301). doi:10.1002/jcsm.12864.

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Metallinou D, Karampas G, Lazarou E, Iacovidou N, Pervanidou P, Lykeridou K, Mastorakos G, Rizos D. Serum Activin A as Brain Injury Biomarker in the First Three Days of Life. A Prospective Case—Control Longitudinal Study in Human Premature Neonates. Brain Sci. 2021, 11, 1243. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11091243

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Naseem H, Dreixler J, Mueller A, Tung A, Dhir R, Chibber R, Fazal A, Granger JP, Bakrania BA, deMartelly V, Rana S, Shahul S. Antepartum Aspirin Administration Reduces Activin A and Cardiac Global Longitudinal Strain in Preeclamptic Women. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020 Jun 16;9(12):e015997. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.119.015997. Epub 2020 Jun 4. PMID: 32495688; PMCID: PMC7429043.

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Paajanen J, Ilonen I, Lauri H, Järvinen T, Sutinen E, Ollila H, Rouvinen E, Lemström K, Räsänen J, Ritvos O, Koli K, Myllärniemi M. Elevated Circulating Activin A Levels in Patients With Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Are Related to Cancer Cachexia and Reduced Response to Platinum-based Chemotherapy. Clin Lung Cancer. 2019 Oct 25. pii: S1525-7304(19)30287-6. doi: 10.1016/j.cllc.2019.10.013. [Epub ahead of print]

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Palin NK, Savikko J, Pasternack A, Rintala JM, Kalra B, Mistry S, Kumar A, Roth MP, Helin H, Ritvos O. Activin inhibition limits early innate immune response in rat kidney allografts-a pilot study. Transpl Int. 2017 Jan;30(1):96-107. doi: 10.1111/tri.12876. Epub 2016 Nov 23. PMID: 27732750.

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Panagiotou G, Ghaly W, Upadhyay J, Pazaitou-Panayiotou K, Mantzoros CS. Serum Follistatin Is Increased in Thyroid Cancer and Is Associated With Adverse Tumor Characteristics in Humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Apr 23;106(5):e2137-e2150. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab041. PMID: 33493282.

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Panagiotou G, Papakonstantinou E, Vagionas A, Polyzos SA, Mantzoros CS. Serum Levels of Activins, Follistatins, and Growth Factors in Neoplasms of the Breast: A Case-Control Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Feb 1;104(2):349-358.

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Peradze N, Farr OM, Perakakis N, Lázaro I, Sala-Vila A, Mantzoros CS. Short-term treatment with high dose liraglutide improves lipid and lipoprotein profle and changes hormonal mediators of lipid metabolism in obese patients with no overt type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over, double-…. Peradze et al. Cardiovasc Diabetol (2019) 18:141 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-019-0945-7

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Follistatin-Like 3 ELISA AL-152

Perakakis N, Chen J, Ghaly W, Vamvini MT, Mantzoros CS. Effects of oral and intravenous lipid administration on hormones affecting energy balance. Poster session presented at the Obesity Week Meeting; 2017 Oct 29-Nov 2; Washington DC.

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Perakakis N, Mougios V, Fatouros I, Siopi A, Draganidis D, Peradze N, Ghaly W, Mantzoros CS. Physiology of Activins/Follistatins: Associations With Metabolic and Anthropometric Variables and Response to Exercise. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Oct 1;103(10):3890-3899.

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Perakakis N, Upadhyay J, Ghaly W, Chen J, Chrysafi P, Anastasilakis AD, Mantzoros CS. Regulation of the activins-follistatins-inhibins axis by energy status: Impact on reproductive function. Metabolism. 2018 May 9. pii: S0026-0495(18)30120-3.

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Perakakis N, Upadhyay J, Ghaly W, Chen J, Mantzoros CS. Leptin-dependent and leptin-independent pathways linking energy sufficiency with reproduction. Poster session presented at the Obesity Week Meeting; 2017 Oct 29-Nov 2; Washington DC.

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Richard Legro, William Dodson, Stephanie Estes, Allen Kunselman, Christos Coutifaris, Anuja Dokras, MON-233 Effect of Weight Loss and Hormonal Suppression Alone and in Combination on Bioactive Gut and Ovarian Peptide Hormones in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Journal of the Endocrine Society, Volume 3, Issue Supplement_1, April-May 2019, MON–233, https://doi.org/10.1210/js.2019-

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Roh JD, Castro C, Yu A, Rana S, Shahul S, Gray KJ, Honigberg MC, Ricke-Hoch M, Iwamoto Y, Yeri A, Kitchen R, Guerra JB, Hobson R, Chaudhari V, Chang B, Sarma A, Lerchenmüller C, Al Sayed ZR, Diaz Verdugo C, Xia P, Skarbianskis N, Zeisel A, Bauersachs J, Kirkland JL, Karumanchi SA, Gorcsan J 3rd, Sugahara M, Damp J, Hanley-Yanez K, Ellinor PT, Arany Z, McNamara DM; IPAC Investigators; Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Rosenzweig A. Placental senescence pathophysiology is shared between peripartum cardiomyopathy and preeclampsia in mouse and human. Sci Transl Med. 2024 Apr 17;16(743):eadi0077. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adi0077. Epub 2024 Apr 17. PMID: 38630848; PMCID: PMC11331492.

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Shah A, Dodson WC, Kris-Etherton PM, Kunselman AR, Stetter CM, Gnatuk CL, Estes SJ, Allison KC, Sarwer DB, Sluss PM, Coutifaris C, Dokras A, Legro RS. Effects of Oral Contraception and Lifestyle Modification on Incretins and TGF-ß Superfamily Hormones in PCOS. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Jan 1;106(1):108-119. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa682. PMID: 32968804; PMCID: PMC7765645

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Shahul S, Ramadan H, Nizamuddin J, Mueller A, Patel V, Dreixler J, Tung A, Lang RM, Weinert L, Nasim R, Chinthala S, Rana S. Activin A and Late Postpartum Cardiac Dysfunction Among Women With Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy. Hypertension. 2018 Jul;72(1):188-193. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.10888. Epub 2018 May 29. PMID: 29844146.

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Skory R, Xu Y, Shea L, Woodruff T. Engineering the ovarian cycle using in vitro follicle culture. Human Reproduction 2015 Mar 16 Epub ahead of print.

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Synolaki E, Papadopoulos V, Divolis G, Tsahouridou O, Gavriilidis E, Loli G, Gavriil A, Tsigalou C, Tziolos NR, Sertaridou E, Kalra B, Kumar A, Rafailidis P, Pasternack A, Boumpas DT, Germanidis G, Ritvos O, Metallidis S, Skendros P, Sideras P. The Activin/Follistatin-axis is severely deregulated in COVID-19 and independently associated with in-hospital mortality. J Infect Dis. 2021 Feb 24:jiab108. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiab108. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33625513; PMCID: PMC7928794

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Valenzuela-Vallejo L, Chrysafi P, Agraz M, Connelly M, Papatheodoridis G, Verrastro O, Mingrone G, Mantzoros CS. GROWTH DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR 15 (GDF-15) LEVELS IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PRESENCE AND SEVERITY OF NAFLD. Nutr Diabetes. 2022 Feb 22;12(1):9. doi: 10.1038/s41387-022-00187-2. PMID: 35194014; PMCID: PMC8863897

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Xu PC, You M, Yu SY, Luan Y, Eldani M, Caffrey TC, Grandgenett PM, O’Connell KA, Shukla SK, Kattamuri C, Hollingsworth MA, Singh PK, Thompson TB, Chung S, Kim SY. Visceral adipose tissue remodeling in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cachexia: the role of activin A signaling. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1659):1-13. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-05660-7.

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Yu SY, Luan Y, Tang S, Abazarikia A, Dong R, Caffrey TC, Hollingsworth MA, Oupicky D, Kim SY. Uncovering tumor-promoting roles of Activin A in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2023;10(2207010):1-13. doi:10.1002/advs.202207010.

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